1,000,000 years ago - Historical findings indicate that primitive man knew how to make fire.
500,000 years ago - Historical findings indicate primitive man learned to control fire.
400 BC - Alexandria, Egypt The first known water pump.
23 BC - Caesar Augustus in Rome created first firefighting force. "Servants of the Commonwealth" were a group of slaves and troops assigned the job of protecting Rome from fire. Not very effective.
6 AD - After a large catastrophic fire, "Vigils" formed in Rome. Used both for fire suppression and military purposes. Recognized as first organized firefighting force.
100 AD - With the collapse of the Roman Empire, firefighting and fire protection gave way to the Dark Ages. Ignorance and superstition led to the mystery of fire and it's cause.
1066 - William the Conqueror lead the Normans to rule England. Under his law, all fires were to be extinguished by nightfall. The word "Curfew" (French for "cover fire") originated about 200 years earlier.
1566 - Ordinance in Manchester, England requiring safe storage of fuel for bakers ovens.
1607 - Jamestown, VA founded in the New World. Fire in 1608 destroyed all the buildings and supplies, forcing settlers to return to England or remain and face the hostile Indians and hard winter.
1631 - Great conflagrations in 1631, 1654, 1676 burned Boston down again and again. New codes were adopted calling for fire resistive building materials, open spaces, water supply, and firefighting forces.
1638 - Massachusetts passed first law banning smoking outdoors. Passed because of heightened awareness of fire and associated devastation.
1648 - Governor Peter Stuyvesant of New Amsterdam (New York City) adopted building codes and established Fire Wardens to protect the settlement. This was the first fire organization in America.
1666 September 2 - the Great Fire of London starts. Fire burned for 5 days and destroyed most of the city. 13,200 homes, 100,000 boats and barges were lost, leaving 200,000 homeless. Only 6 lives were lost. Nearly complete destruction of England's worldwide trading empire. As a result…the Fire Insurance Company was born. This led to increased emphasis on development of fire equipment and volunteer fire companies to protect the insured premises. Fire marks were used by these companies to identify their buildings.
1679 - Boston, MA establishes America's first fire department, first fire engine, first firehouse, and first paid firefighters (department was partial volunteer). All accomplished because of the severe losses from numerous large-scale conflagrations.
1737 - Volunteer Fire Department formed in New York City.
1752 - Benjamin Franklin forms the first American fire insurance company.
1819 - London, England was the site of the first steam fire engine to be built. Not dependable, needing many revisions and much skill to operate.
1827 - Wooden match with a chemical head was invented by Englishman John Walker.
1835 December 16 -The Great New York Fire. Leading financial and trade center of the country at the time. 674 buildings lost, 10,000 left jobless. Two lives lost. Most of the 28 insurance companies operating did not have the financial resources to meet claims and failed. Congress did not bail out New York. Financial losses and bankruptcies multiplied. Some believe it lead to a national economic depression 2 years later.
1853 - Cincinnati, OH becomes the first fully paid fire department.
1854 - Safety matches developed.
1866 - As the result of large loss fires, the National Board of Fire Underwrites is formed. They provided promotion of fire prevention and fire protection until 1965. They merged and became the American Insurance Association. Later they changed their name to the Insurance Service Office (ISO).
1871 - October 8, the Great Chicago Fire. 1/3 of the city is destroyed over a period of 30 hours. Loss of 17,450 homes. Legend has it that Mrs. O'Leary's cow may have kicked over a lantern starting the fire in a stable. Estimated deaths were 300. Damage came to $200 million, of which $88 million was covered by insurance. 57 out of 250 insurance companies doing business fail.
1872 - Forest fire in Peshtigo, Wisconsin accelerated into a firestorm and destroyed all but one building under construction. Fire consumed timber over 1,200 square miles. Fire moved so fast that the residents could not flee. Estimated 1200-2400 lives lost.
1900 - Introduction of the gasoline powered engine into the fire service. Seen as a threat to the steam engine.
1903 December 30 - Iroquois Theatre Fire in Chicago, Illinois kills 602 people. The theater is supposed to be completely fireproof. Incomplete construction including fire escapes, confusing signs, lack of training, no fire alarm system, and doors that open inward are to blame.
1906 April 17 - San Francisco Earthquake and Fire. 514 city blocks destroyed, 28,000 buildings lost, 674 dead and over 3,500 hurt. The earthquake lasted 90 seconds. Rupture of water mains, access, and construction made fighting the fires difficult.
1911 March 25 - Triangle Shirtwaist Fire in Manhattan, New York. 146 workers lost their lives in a 10 story Asch Building. An inadequate sprinkler system, locked egress doors along with a single non-functioning fire escape was the cause. Many people jumped 8 to 10 floors to their death.
1922 - President Calvin Coolidge proclaims the first Fire Prevention Week to commemorate the anniversary of the Great Chicago Fire.
1932 - The last steam fire engine in New York City is retired.
1942 - Coconut Grove nightclub in Boston kills 492 people. Worst multiple-death nightclub fire to date.
1945 - Wes Barns take over the chief position for the City of Jefferson, NY and becomes the first paid fire chief. Earns $25 per year.
1945 Dresden, Germany, February 14 & 15 - Allied bombing near the end of World War II, dropping over 3,800 tons of incendiary bombs on the city in a 2-day period. Created a firestorm unmatched in history. Over 300,000 fatalities.
1947 - Texas City Disaster (April 16). The cargo ship SS Grandcamp loaded with ammonium nitrate explodes in the harbor. 561 died, including twenty-seven of the twenty-eight members of Texas City's volunteer fire department and three members of the Texas City Heights Volunteer Fire Department, and over 5000 injured. First recorded Haz-mat incident.
1949 - First American burn injury facility created at Brooke Army Medical Center at Fort Sam Houston, in San Antonio, Texas.
1950 - "Sparkey" the fire dog introduced by NFPA as a national symbol for safety.
1958 Dec. 1 - Our Lady Of The Angels parochial school fire in Chicago. Ninety-two children and 3 nuns lose their lives.
1961 - Bel Air / Brentwood Wildfire. Fire Danger index 98 out of 100 possible. "Santa Ana" winds spread fire. 484 homes lost. Fire covered 6,090 acres. 78% of the homes inside of the 19-mile fire perimeter saved by city, county, state, and federal firefighting forces. $25 million lost. No loss of life.
1962 - Kansas City, Missouri Fire Chief develops "EDITH" (Exit Drills In The Home) project.
1965 - Watts erupts in riots on Friday August 13. Over 200 fires burning at one time. One firefighter killed and 180 injured in suppression efforts.
1967 - Explosion at Morningstar-Paisley manufacturing plant in Hawthorne, NJ kills 11 workers.
1973 - Special Commission appointed by President Nixon presents a report entitled "America Burning." It outlined the current and future fire concerns of our country. It led to the creation of the U.S. Fire Administration and the National Fire Academy at Emmitsburg, MD.
1976 - Factory Mutual Research Corporation begins developing and testing residential sprinklers.
1977 - Beverly Hills Supper Club in Kentucky burns, killing 163. Loss attributed to overlooked fire codes and overcrowding.
1978- NFPA publishes the first annual firefighter death/injury study. Initiation of Firefighter Safety & Survival training on a nationwide basis.
1988 - Fire an an auto dealership in Hackensack, NJ. Five firefighters perish when roof collapses on them.
1990 - Arson fire at Happyland Social Club in the Bronx. Unlicensed club had no fire exits, no alarms and no sprinklers. 87 deaths.
1991 - On February 23rd, a fire in a 38-story high-rise in Philadelphia takes 18.5 hours to contain and kills 3 firefighters.
1992 - Oakland Hills, Ca. fire in October destroys 1,800 homes and 900 apartments. 19 killed and 148 injured. Loss estimated at $5,000,000,000.
1994 - Storm King Mountain fire in Colorado claims the lives of 14 firefighters in a blowup. 9 fatalities are members of the Prineville, Oregon Interagency Hotshot crew.
1995 - Alfred P Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, OK bombed. 161 people killed, many more injured.
2001 - 9-11 Attacks on World Trade Centers and Pentagon. More than 300 Firefighters missing or killed, along with approximately 2,800 civilians.
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